I wouldn't base a national franchise's business on what BT 5.0's 'up to' states, but it's not impossible that they would rely on at least 50 meters working. I can think of very few gas stations that have a separation from pump to cashier of more than that and most of them are truck stops.
Nothing is stopping you from using a high gain antenna though (well, other than regulations, but if you're stealing has you presumably don't care about FCC violations...)
Originally you were talking about bluetooth being there for the cashier to work the pumps, now you're talking about what the thief is doing, which are two different things.
Bluetooth® technology supports transmit powers from -20 dBm (0.01 mW) to +20 dBm (100 mW).