This is worth undertaking. macOS's stricter approach to handling some questionable hacks in Emacs could improve the codebase across all platforms.
The PGTK frontend for Emacs (the Wayland-native frontend) was derived from the macOS version for instance. It replaced much of the messy X11 code with a cleaner, more modular Cairo-based frontend, which could be further enhanced by adopting a cross-platform, more future-proof SDL toolkit.
The problem with the PGTK frontend is it is notoriously EXTREMELY slow. The latency on user input compared to the X11 (especially Lucid) version has some people reverting back to X11/Lucid.
When I do run Linux I run Wayland, I daily drive macOS, but better than both are what you already allude to: the Emacs widget toolkit which will focus on replacing the GUI frontend with SDL and also (equally potentially) introducing an actor-type framework (akin to BEAM's) for communication to decouple that GUI.
https://appetrosyan.github.io/posts/emacs-widget
Hopefully, similar improvements can address the issues with large locks and the lack of proper threading.